Tree crops
Overview
Tree crops are significant within the Australian agriculture sector and the term covers a diverse range of tropical and subtropical fruit and nuts.
Tree crops include avocado, citrus, custard apple, longan, lychee, mango, papaya, passionfruit, stone fruit such as apricot, cherry and peaches, pome fruit such as apples and pears, and nuts such as almond, cashew and macadamia.
A range of pests attack tree crops according to the crop type and its geographical location. These include Bryobia mites, eriophyid and tarsonemid mites, fruit spotting bugs, Macadamia Nut Borer, scale insects, Spined Citrus Bug, thrips, and Two-Spotted Mites.
Signs you have Tree crops pests
The key to controlling pests in your cereal crop effectively, is detecting them early and introducing beneficials at the right moment.
- Mites. Bryobia Mite cause discolouration to the bark and leaves in almonds. Severe infestations of Bryobia Mite and Two-Spotted Mite in pome and stone fruit degrade the functionality of the leaves, affecting yield and fruit bud formation in the following year.
- Eriophyid and tarsonemid mites can attack every part of the host plant but generally prefer the new growth. Consequently, these parts of the plant appear stunted, deformed, or discoloured. They also cause severe galls or blisters on the leaves of grapevines.
- Citrus Rust Mite can cause severe bronzing of the fruit.
- Greenhouse Thrips can cause scarring of citrus fruits.
- Plague Thrips cause feeding damage to young developing buds of pome and stone fruit, stunting or deforming flowers. Feeding damage towards the end of flowering will stunt or deform fruit.
- Scale insects. A wide range of scale insects affect tree crops and symptoms often include honeydew and sooty mould at hotspots.
- Fruit spotting bugs such as Amblypelta nitida and Amblypelta lutescens lutescens attack developing shoots, flowers and fruit of avocado, mango, longan, lychee, macadamia, papaya and many others in Queensland and northern NSW.
- Macadamia Nut Borer can damage the developing macadamia nut and causes nuts to fall prematurely.
Products you can use to control Tree crops pests
Biological Services produces a range of products to control pests among tree crops.
Other tips for managing pests in your Tree crops
Important cultural controls may apply to your tree crop so check with your industry body. For example, removing infected macadamia nuts from the orchard floor is a critical step to prevent the Macadamia Nut Borer from pupating in the soil.
Monitoring for key pests in tree crops is a major challenge. Scouting the nearby nature strips or alternative host plants can provide useful information about the threat posed by a particular pest.
Using broad-spectrum insecticides will create more problems for you because it destroys the natural enemies of these pests and encourages them to become resistant to chemicals. Well-timed targeted sprays with the correct insecticide when needed, will aid the overall pest control effort.
Your local Biological Services consultant can provide year-round, professional crop monitoring and expert IPM program advice.
Get tailored advice for your commercial crop
To speak with one of our qualified consultants about your current commercial crop challenge or to learn about the benefits of the IPM maintenance and monitoring services we provide, contact us.